Germany+and+Africa

= German Imperialism in Africa = //Germany and Africa are two regions of the world where major imperialism took place. There similarities only included their connection through German imperialism in Africa. However, Germany mostly conquered countries and encouraged German culture in new places, whereas Africa was conquered, and was thrust with different countries imposing their own cultures on Africa, with new social changes, and policies. Read this website to find out more about German Imperialism in Africa!//

Why did Germany begin its policy of imperialism? ===1.﻿ Germany had a lot of motivation and reasons to begin its policy of imperialism. They wanted to accumulate more territory so they could have more abundant resources and area for their country to expand. France had inspired them to begin the policy of imperialism, since the French had already begun forcefully taking over Africa. Germany thought of the Africans as less important than them, so when they were taking over parts of Africa they were very cruel and ruthless. (German Imperialism in S.W. Africa, [|http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~jobrien/reference/ob22.html]). ===

What countries /civilizations/city-states are being taken over? 

2. Germany had taken over many countries in Africa during the New Imperialism. In 1884, they took over Togo, Cameroons, and German Southwest Africa which are all countries on the west coast of Africa. In 1885, they took over German East Africa, or Tanganyika, which is on the east coast.

Why is this territory being targeted for takeover? (What are the benifits and goals?) == 3.Germany had many reasons to takeover th e countries that it did. One reason was that when France started taking over a large amount of land in the west then Germany along with Britain took over land around France’s new territory. This stopped France from expanding its territory. Germany also used the countries it took over for acquiring new goods, for new markets in Germany, and acquiring more raw materials. (German Imperialism, []) Raw materials not found in European nations, but were abundant in Africa, certain metals and coal, helped fuel the expansion of the Industrial Revolution. By the 1880s, German engineers had invented the first automobile. Inventions and inovation of such kind further fueled German nationalist ideas that they should expand their territory along with the other great European powers if they were to firmly hold that power. ==

What type of rule is being excersized?
==4. There were multiple stages of German Imperialism in Africa, including protectorates issued by Otto Van Bismarck in collaboration with the wishes of the German people. He did not possess a colonial drive, but found that German empowerment should be put toward the state of unified Germany itself. It was not until the last two decades of the 19th Century that Germany's colonial empire was firmly established in Africa through acquisitions, expansions, and economic strategy and domination. This lead to Germany exercising direct rule in Africa. They put their own people in the government of the places they take over. For example, in Cameroon, Germany’s line of government included everything from Kaiser to governor. That is the type of rule Germany exercised in Africa. ==

Which one were protectorates and why would there have been protectorates if they were using direct rule in other places?

What are the obstacles to control?
== == == 5.The main obstacles to German imperialist success in Africa were their timing and the aggressive tribes living in the regions they seized. German unification was not established until the year 1871, and Otto Von Bismarck and many Reichstag members still found colonial conquest unimportant until matters of state were resolved without cause for doubt. It was not until 1884 that Bismarck agreed to begin the expansion of the German Empire into Africa in order to protect the economic stability of trade, and to acquire raw materials and markets in the international market. A year after the start of this campaign, Bismarck abruptly abandoned the idea of colonialism. This repugnance against German imperialism was different from the general German public view. Commercial entrepreneurs had set up economic affairs in Africa as early as the 1850s and 1860s. Additionally, nationalism set off by unification made many Germans believe that taking international territories would secure their place as an influential European power and the longevity of their newly established Imperial State of Germany. The Berlin Conference held in 1884 had declared that to settle claims on African land a nation must have a government office set up there. Germany did not begin this process until after the establishment of strong British and French imperialist influence in Africa, leaving Germany to take less desirable territory where aggressive tribes previously reigned, but still inhabited. Furthermore, the initial German directives of using brutality to squash and humiliate the spirit of revolt in Africans lead to unrest in the situation. Anti-colonial uproar in Germany resulted from the killings of thousands of Africans in German South West Africa of the Herero rebellions in 1904. By 1907. a newly appointed Reichstag ensured "the colonial economy was thriving...and roads, railways, shipping and telegraph communications were up to the minute." Forced and unpaid labor became a criminal offense, and overall the welfare of natives became viewed with humanitarianism and the ideas of modernization. Public schools and hospitals were built in Africa for all in German colonies. Then, the final obstacle obliterating German imperialism was presented. The German defeat in World War I saw that German colonies were divided between the strong powers of Belgium, The United Kingdom, Britain, France, and Japan. ==

==What were the end results of imperialism with regards to the ones being taken over and the country taking over? (Are there any present day effects?) ==

==6. The end results of German imperialism in Africa are economic advancements in Africa, African revolution, independence, and nationalism, and German cooperation with modern independent African governments. German power over the territory it had imperialized in the late 19th century dissolved by the Treaty of Versailles which divided German colonial regions between the victors of World War I. Settlement in Africa was not pursued by Germany later in the 1920s, nor by the Hitler Third Reich, and there are no existing colonial ties between Germany and Africa. The German language is only spoken significantly by a minor population of Namibia (used to be known as German South West Africa), and other than that is not largely spoken in other former colonies. Overall, the colonial history of German imperialism in Africa has not had tremendous present day effects excluding the devestation still felt and recognized of the Herero genocide commited by German imperialist forces attempting to systematically and cruelly kill the African Revolutions. ==

Suggested Articles, Books, and Websites for Further Knowledge (Works Cited): Fowale, Tongkeh Joseph. German Colonial Policy in Africa Experimenting With The Master Race Theory in Colonial Africa. Suite 101, 3 May 2009. Web. 27 November 2010  <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">German Imperialism. James MC’s design. 2000. Web. 29 November 2010 <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> [] <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">[][][][] ==<span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: Times; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">**<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Webpage Creators: Bryan Kirby, Amani Dharani, Claire Foster, Cassie Welch-Rubin ** ==